雅思写作中复合句的正确使用方式

复合句在雅思写作中占据着重要的地位，它能够使文章的语言更加丰富多样，表达更加准确清晰。然而，许多考生在使用复合句时常常会出现一些错误。那么，究竟应该如何正确使用复合句呢？接下来，就让我们一起学习一下吧！

一、 复合句的种类

英语的复合句一般分为三大类型：名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。

(一) 名词性从句

在整个复合句中起名词作用，充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语等的各种从句，统称为名词性从句。名词性从句主要有以下几种：

1. that 引导的从句 e.g. It is reported that one third of Guangzhou citizens plan

to buy a private car. (据报道，三分之一的广州市民打算购买私家车。)

2. whether/if 引导的从句 e.g. Whether motorcycles should be banned in Guangzhou

has become an issue of controversy.(广州是否禁摩托车成了有争议的话题。)

3. how/why/when/where引导的从句 e.g. This essay aims to explore why so many

white collar workers suffer from insomnia. (本文将探讨为什么这么多白领失眠的原因。)

4. who/whom/whose/what/which引导的从句 e.g. Who should be responsible for the

environmental degradation is still unknown.(谁对环境恶化负责还不清楚。)

(二) 形容词性从句

具有形容词功能，在复合句中做定语的从句被称之为形容词性从句或定语从句。被修饰的名词、词组或代词被称为先行词。形容词性从句分为两种类型：

(1)由关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which, as引导的从句。 例如: People who are

strongly against human cloning claim that it is immoral and unethical.

(强烈反对克隆人的人们认为这样做不道德和不合伦理)

雅思写作常见的语法错误归类

一、不一致

所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，还包括了数的不一致、时态不一致以及代词不一致等。比如：When one have money, he can do

what he want to.

分析：one是第三人称单数，因此本句的have应改为has; want应改为wants, 本句是典型的主谓不一致。

改为：When one has money, he can do what he wants (to do).

二、修饰语错位

英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化。对于这一点考生们往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解。比如：I

believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the

campus.

分析：better位置不当，应置于句末。

三、句子不完整

在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解。可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常在主句写完以后，作者又想加些补充说明时发生。比如：There

are many ways to know the society. For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so

on.

分析：本句后半部分"For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so

on.”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句。

改为：There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and

newspaper.

四、悬垂修饰语

所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。比如：At the age of ten, my grandfather died.

这句中"at the age of ten"只写出十岁时，但没有说明“谁”十岁时，按一般推理不可能是my grandfather,

如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改得明确一点，读者或考官在读句子时就不会误解了。

改为：When I was ten, my grandfather died.

五、词性误用

“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等。比如：None can negative the importance of

money.

分析：negative系形容词，误作动词。

改为：None can deny the importance of money.

六、指代不清

指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。比如：Mary was friendly to my sister

because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.

读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词所指代的对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：Mary

was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.

七、不间断句子

这个错误的出现受中文意识的影响很大。很多考生在写句子时，句子之间缺乏有效的连接成分。甚至，有的句子写的比较中式化。比如：There are many

ways we get to know the outside world.

分析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“there are many ways”以及“we get to know the outside

world”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。

改为：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或：There are

many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world.

八、措词毛病

学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌句子中所选用词的习惯。大部分考生随心所欲，拿来就用，所以作文中用词不当的错误随处可见。比如：The

increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.

分析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing

use(不断增加的使用)”应改为“abusive use(滥用)”。

改为：The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads

to pollution.

九、累赘

写句子没有一个多余的词;写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从句或句子。比如：In spite of the fact

that he is lazy, I like him.

本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：In spite of his

laziness, I like him.

比如：For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be

used to buy the thing they need.

整个句子可以大大简化为：Diligent people use money only to buy what they need.

十、不连贯

不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通，这也是考生常犯的毛病。比如：The fresh water, it is the most

important things of the earth.

分析：the fresh water与逗号后的it不连贯，it与things在数方面不一致。